An early Chola capital from the 9th to the 11th century CE, Thanjavur, or Tanjore, again gained prominence during the Vijayanagar, Maratha, and British periods. Its attractions today include the spectacular Brihadishwara Chola temple (built by Raja Raja in 1010 CE, this pinnacle of Chola architecture is also a UNESCO world heritage site, and the palace of Serfoji (1798-1832), a Maratha prince. Industries include cotton mills, traditional handloom weaving, and the manufacture of vinas (South Indian stringed instruments). [Adapted from Encyclopedia Britannica]
Thanjavur is also home to a major collection of Medieval manuscripts-Maharaja Serfoji’s Sarasvati Mahal library-with about 59,000 titles on both palm leaf and paper. A precious cultural resource today, it was fostered by the royals of both the Nayak (1535-1676) and the Maratha (1676-1855) dynasties of Thanjavur. Its eclectic collection includes 4,500 works in French, English, German, and Danish. Over 39,300 are in Sanskrit, written in Grantha, Devanagari, Nandinagari, and Telugu scripts
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