Tuesday 3 January 2012

CSS


What is CSS?
1. CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets and is a simple styling language which allows attaching style to HTML elements. Every element type as well as every occurrence of a specific element within that type can be declared an unique style, e.g. margins, positioning, color or size.
2. CSS is a web standard that describes style for XML/HTML documents.
3. CSS is a language that adds style (colors, images, borders, margins…) to your site. It’s really that simple. CSS is not used to put any content on your site, it’s just there to take the content you have and make it pretty. First thing you do is link a CSS-file to your HTML document. Do this by adding this line: <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" type="text/css"> The line should be placed in between your <head> and </head> tags. If you have several pages you could add the exact same line to all of them and they will all use the same stylesheet, but more about that later. Let’s look inside the file "style.css" we just linked to. h1 { font-size: 40px; height: 200px; } .warning { color: Red; font-weight: bold; } #footer { background-color: Gray; }
4. Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a simple mechanism for adding style (e.g. fonts, colors, spacing) to Web documents. This is also where information meets the artistic abilities of a web-designer. CSS helps you spice up your web-page and make it look neat in wide variety of aspects.
What are Cascading Style Sheets?
A Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) is a list of statements (also known as rules) that can assign various rendering properties to HTML elements. Style rules can be specified for a single element occurrence, multiple elements, an entire document, or even multiple documents at once. It is possible to specify many different rules for an element in different locations using different methods. All these rules are collected and merged (known as a "cascading" of styles) when the document is rendered to form a single style rule for each element.
How do I center block-elements with CSS1? 
There are two ways of centering block level elements:
1. By setting the properties margin-left and margin-right to auto and width to some explicit value: BODY {width: 30em; background: cyan;} P {width: 22em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto} In this case, the left and right margins will each be four ems wide, since they equally split up the eight ems left over from (30em - 22em). Note that it was not necessary to set an explicit width for the BODY element; it was done here to keep the math clean.
2. Another example: TABLE {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 400px;} In most legacy browsers, a table's width is by default determined by its content. In CSS-conformant browsers, the complete width of any element (including tables) defaults to the full width of its parent element's content area. As browser become more conformant, authors will need to be aware of the potential impact on their designs.
What is class? 
Class is a group of 1) instances of the same element to which an unique style can be attached or 2) instances of different elements to which the same style can be attached. 1) The rule P {color: red} will display red text in all paragraphs. By classifying the selector P different style can be attached to each class allowing the display of some paragraphs in one style and some other paragraphs in another style. 2) A class can also be specified without associating a specific element to it and then attached to any element which is to be styled in accordance with it's declaration. All elements to which a specific class is attached will have the same style. To classify an element add a period to the selector followed by an unique name. The name can contain characters a-z, A-Z, digits 0-9, period, hyphen, escaped characters, Unicode characters 161-255, as well as any Unicode character as a numeric code, however, they cannot start with a dash or a digit. (Note: in HTML the value of the CLASS attribute can contain more characters). (Note: text between /* and */ are my comments). CSS P.name1 {color: red} /* one class of P selector */ P.name2 {color: blue} /* another class of P selector */ .name3 {color: green} /* can be attached to any element */ HTML <P class=name1>This paragraph will be red</P> <P class=name2>This paragraph will be blue</P> <P class=name3>This paragraph will be green</P> <LI class=name3>This list item will be green</LI> It is a good practice to name classes according to their function than their appearance; e.g. P.fotnote and not P.green. In CSS1 only one class can be attached to a selector. CSS2 allows attaching more classes, e.g.: P.name1.name2.name3 {declaration} <P class="name1 name2 name2">This paragraph has three classes attached</P>
What is external Style Sheet? How to link?
External Style Sheet is a template/document/file containing style information which can be linked with any number of HTML documents. This is a very convenient way of formatting the entire site as well as restyling it by editing just one file. The file is linked with HTML documents via the LINK element inside the HEAD element. Files containing style information must have extension .css, e.g. style.css. <HEAD> <LINK REL=STYLESHEET HREF="style.css" TYPE="text/css"> </HEAD>
Is CSS case sensitive?
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is not case sensitive. However, font families, URLs to images, and other direct references with the style sheet may be. The trick is that if you write a document using an XML declaration and an XHTML doctype, then the CSS class names will be case sensitive for some browsers. It is a good idea to avoid naming classes where the only difference is the case, for example: div.myclass { ...} div.myClass { ... } If the DOCTYPE or XML declaration is ever removed from your pages, even by mistake, the last instance of the style will be used, regardless of case.
What are Style Sheets? 
Style Sheets are templates, very similar to templates in desktop publishing applications, containing a collection of rules declared to various selectors (elements).
What is CSS rule 'ruleset'? 
There are two types of CSS rules: ruleset and at-rule. Ruleset identifies selector or selectors and declares style which is to be attached to that selector or selectors. For example P {text-indent: 10pt} is a CSS rule. CSS rulesets consist of two parts: selector, e.g. P and declaration, e.g. {text-indent: 10pt}. P {text-indent: 10pt} - CSS rule (ruleset) {text-indent: 10pt} - CSS declaration text-indent - CSS property 10pt - CSS value
What is embedded style? How to link? 
Embedded style is the style attached to one specific document. The style information is specified as a content of the STYLE element inside the HEAD element and will apply to the entire document. <HEAD> <STYLE TYPE="text/css"> <!-- P {text-indent: 10pt} --> </STYLE> </HEAD> Note: The styling rules are written as a HTML comment, that is, between <!-- and --> to hide the content in browsers without CSS support which would otherwise be displayed.
What is ID selector? 
ID selector is an individually identified (named) selector to which a specific style is declared. Using the ID attribute the declared style can then be associated with one and only one HTML element per document as to differentiate it from all other elements. ID selectors are created by a character # followed by the selector's name. The name can contain characters a-z, A-Z, digits 0-9, period, hyphen, escaped characters, Unicode characters 161-255, as well as any Unicode character as a numeric code, however, they cannot start with a dash or a digit. #abc123 {color: red; background: black} <P ID=abc123>This and only this element can be identified as abc123 </P>
How do I have a background image that isn't tiled? 
Specify the background-repeat property as no-repeat. You can also use the background property as a shortcut for specifying multiple background-* properties at once. Here's an example: BODY {background: #FFF url(watermark.jpg) no-repeat;}
Why do we use style sheets? 
SGML (of which HTML is a derivative) was meant to be a device-independent method for conveying a document's structural and semantic content (its meaning.) It was never meant to convey physical formatting information. HTML has crossed this line and now contains many elements and attributes which specify visual style and formatting information. One of the main reasons for style sheets is to stop the creation of new HTML physical formatting constructs and once again separate style information from document content.
What is inline style? How to link? 
Inline style is the style attached to one specific element. The style is specified directly in the start tag as a value of the STYLE attribute and will apply exclusively to this specific element occurrence. <P STYLE="text-indent: 10pt">Indented paragraph</P>
How do I place text over an image?
To place text or image over an image you use the position property. The below exemple is supported by IE 4.0. All you have to do is adapt the units to your need. <div style="position: relative; width: 200px; height: 100px"> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 200px"> <image> </div> <div style="position: absolute; top: 20%; left: 20%; width: 200px"> Text that nicely wraps </div> </div>
How do I combine multiple sheets into one?
To combine multiple/partial style sheets into one set the TITLE attribute taking one and the same value to the LINK element. The combined style will apply as a preferred style, e.g.: <LINK REL=Stylesheet HREF="default.css" TITLE="combined"> <LINK REL=Stylesheet HREF="fonts.css" TITLE="combined"> <LINK REL=Stylesheet HREF="tables.css" TITLE="combined">


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HTML



What is a tag?
In HTML, a tag tells the browser what to do. When you write an HTML page, you enter tags for many reasons - to change the appearance of text, to show a graphic, or to make a link to another page.
What is the simplest HTML page?
HTML Code: <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>This is my page title! </TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY> This is my message to the world! </BODY> </HTML>
Browser Display: This is my message to the world!
How do I create frames? What is a frameset? 
Frames allow an author to divide a browser window into multiple (rectangular) regions. Multiple documents can be displayed in a single window, each within its own frame. Graphical browsers allow these frames to be scrolled independently of each other, and links can update the document displayed in one frame without affecting the others. You can't just "add frames" to an existing document. Rather, you must create a frameset document that defines a particular combination of frames, and then display your content documents inside those frames. The frameset document should also include alternative non-framed content in a NOFRAMES element. The HTML frames model has significant design flaws that cause usability problems for web users. Frames should be used only with great care.
How can I include comments in HTML? 
Technically, since HTML is an SGML application, HTML uses SGML comment syntax. However, the full syntax is complex, and browsers don't support it in its entirety anyway. Therefore, use the following simplified rule to create HTML comments that both have valid syntax and work in browsers: An HTML comment begins with "<!--", ends with "-->", and does not contain "--" or ">" anywhere in the comment. The following are examples of HTML comments: * <!-- This is a comment. -->z Do not put comments inside tags (i.e., between "<" and ">") in HTML markup.
What is a Hypertext link? 
A hypertext link is a special tag that links one page to another page or resource. If you click the link, the browser jumps to the link's destination.
What is a DOCTYPE? Which one do I use?
According to HTML standards, each HTML document begins with a DOCTYPE declaration that specifies which version of HTML the document uses. Originally, the DOCTYPE declaration was used only by SGML-based tools like HTML validators, which needed to determine which version of HTML a document used (or claimed to use). Today, many browsers use the document's DOCTYPE declaration to determine whether to use a stricter, more standards-oriented layout mode, or to use a "quirks" layout mode that attempts to emulate older, buggy browsers.
Can I nest tables within tables? 
Yes, a table can be embedded inside a cell in another table. Here's a simple example: <table> <tr> <td> this is the first cell of the outer table </td> <td> this is the second cell of the outer table, with the inner table embedded in it <table> <tr> <td> this is the first cell of the inner table </td> <td> this is the second cell of the inner table </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> The main caveat about nested tables is that older versions of Netscape Navigator have problems with them if you don't explicitly close your TR, TD, and TH elements. To avoid problems, include every </tr> , </td>, and </th> tag, even though the HTML specifications don't require them. Also, older versions of Netscape Navigator have problems with tables that are nested extremely deeply (e.g., tables nested ten deep). To avoid problems, avoid nesting tables more than a few deep. You may be able to use the ROWSPAN and COLSPAN attributes to minimize table nesting. Finally, be especially sure to validate your markup whenever you use nested tables.
How do I align a table to the right (or left)?
You can use <table align="right"> to float a table to the right. (Use ALIGN="left" to float it to the left.) Any content that follows the closing </table> tag will flow around the table. Use <br clear="right"> or <br clear="all"> to mark the end of the text that is to flow around the table, as shown in this example: The table in this example will float to the right. <table align="right"> ...</table> This text will wrap to fill the available space to the left of (and if the text is long enough, below) the table. <br clear="right"> This text will appear below the table, even if there is additional room to its left.
How can I use tables to structure forms? 
Small forms are sometimes placed within a TD element within a table. This can be a useful for positioning a form relative to other content, but it doesn't help position the form-related elements relative to each other. To position form-related elements relative to each other, the entire table must be within the form. You cannot start a form in one TH or TD element and end in another. You cannot place the form within the table without placing it inside a TH or TD element. You can put the table inside the form, and then use the table to position the INPUT, TEXTAREA, SELECT, and other form-related elements, as shown in the following example:-
<FORM ACTION="[URL]">
<TABLE BORDER="0">
<TR> <TH>Account:</TH> <TD><INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="account"></TD> </TR>
<TR> <TH>Password:</TH> <TD><INPUT TYPE="password" NAME="password"></TD> </TR>
<TR> <TD> </TD> <TD><INPUT TYPE="submit" NAME="Log On"></TD> </TR>
</TABLE>
</FORM>
How do I center a table? 
In your HTML, use <div class="center"> <table>...</table> </div> In your CSS, use div.center { text-align: center; } div.center table { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: left; }
How do I use forms?
The basic syntax for a form is: <form action="[URL]"></form> When the form is submitted, the form data is sent to the URL specified in the ACTION attribute. This URL should refer to a server-side (e.g., CGI) program that will process the form data. The form itself should contain * at least one submit button (i.e., an <input type="submit" ...> element), * form data elements (e.g., <input>, <textarea>, and<SELECT>) as needed, and * additional markup (e.g., identifying data elements, presenting instructions) as needed.
How do I make a form so it can be submitted by hitting ENTER?
The short answer is that the form should just have one <input type="TEXT"> and no TEXTAREA, though it can have other form elements like checkboxes and radio buttons.
How do I set the focus to the first form field? 
You cannot do this with HTML. However, you can include a script after the form that sets the focus to the appropriate field, like this: <form id="myform" name="myform" action='myform'> <input type="text" id="myinput" name="myinput"> </form> <script type="text/javascript"> document.myform.myinput.focus(); </script> A similar approach uses <body onload=> to set the focus, but some browsers seem to process the ONLOAD event before the entire document (i.e., the part with the form) has been loaded.
How can I eliminate the extra space after a </form> tag? 
HTML has no mechanism to control this. However, with CSS, you can set the margin-bottom of the form to 0. For example: <form style="margin-bottom:0;"> You can also use a CSS style sheet to affect all the forms on a page: form { margin-bottom: 0 ; }
Can I have two or more actions in the same form?
No. A form must have exactly one action. However, the server-side (e.g., CGI) program that processes your form submissions can perform any number of tasks (e.g., updating a database, sending email, logging a transaction) in response to a single form submission.
Can I use percentage values for <td width="..."> ?
The HTML 3.2 and HTML 4.0 specifications allow only integer values (representing a number of pixels) for the WIDTH attribute of the TD element. However, the HTML 4.0 DTD allows percentage (and other non-integer) values, so an HTML validator will not complain about <TD WIDTH="xx%">. It should be noted that Netscape and Microsoft's browsers interpret percentage values for <TD WIDTH=...> differently. However, their interpretations (and those of other table-aware browsers) happen to match when combined with <TABLE WIDTH="100%">. In such situations, percentage values can be used relatively safely, even though they are prohibited by the public specifications.
Why doesn't <TABLE WIDTH="100%"> use the full browser width? 
Graphical browsers leave a narrow margin between the edge of the display area and the content. Also note that Navigator always leaves room for a scrollbar on the right, but draws the scrollbar only when the document is long enough to require scrolling. If the document does not require scrolling, then this leaves a right "margin" that cannot be removed.
Why is there extra space before or after my table? 
This is often caused by invalid HTML syntax. Specifically, it is often caused by loose content within the table (i.e., content that is not inside a TD or TH element). There is no standard way to handle loose content within a table. Some browsers display all loose content before or after the table. When the loose content contains only multiple line breaks or empty paragraphs, then these browsers will display all this empty space before or after the table itself. The solution is to fix the HTML syntax errors. All content within a table must be within a TD or TH element.
How do I create a link that sends me email? 
Use a mailto link, for example
How can I have two sets of links with different colors? 
You can suggest this presentation in a style sheet. First, specify colors for normal links, like this:
a:link {color: blue; background: white} a:visited {color: purple; background: white} a:active {color: red; background: white} 
Next, identify the links that you want to have different colors. You can use the CLASS attribute in your HTML, like this:
<a class="example1" href="[URL]">[link text]</a>
Then, in your style sheet, use a selector for links with this CLASS attribute, like this:
a.example1:link {color: yellow; background: black} a.example1:visited {color: white; background: black} a.example1:active {color: red; background: black}
Alternatively, you can identify an element that contains the links that you want to have different colors, like this:
<div class="example2">... <a href="[URL]">[link text]</a>... <a href="[URL]">[link text]</a>... <a href="[URL]">[link text]</a>... </div>
Then, in your style sheet, use a selector for links in this containing element, like this:
.example2 a:link {color: yellow; background: black} .example2 a:visited {color: white; background: black} .example2 a:active {color: red; background: black}
How can I show HTML examples without them being interpreted as part of my document?
Within the HTML example, first replace the "&" character with "&" everywhere it occurs. Then replace the "<" character with "<" and the ">" character with ">" in the same way. Note that it may be appropriate to use the CODE and/or PRE elements when displaying HTML examples.
HTML for Lists
1. Bulleted Lists:
<ul> begins a bulleted, indented list. Each item in the list is then prefaced with the <li> tag. It is not necessary to insert a break at the end of each line -- the <li> tag automatically creates a new line. with <li type=disc>
with <li type=square>
with <li type=circle>
2. Numbered Lists:
<ol> begins a numbered, indented list. Each item in the list is then prefaced with the <li> tag. You need to close the list with the </ol> tag. Note: You can expand the <ol> to specify the TYPE of numbering:
<ol> 1 (decimal numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ...) <ol type="a"> a (lowercase alphabetic: a, b, c, d, e, ...) <ol type="A"> A (uppercase alphabetic: A, B, C, D, E, ...) <ol type="i"> i (lowercase Roman numerals: i, ii, iii, iv, v, ...) <ol type="I"> I (uppercase Roman numerals: I, II, III, IV, V, ...)
Are there any problems with using tables for layout?
On current browsers, the entire table must be downloaded and the dimensions of everything in the table must to be known before the table can be rendered. That can delay the rendering of your content, especially if your table contains images without HEIGHT or WIDTH attributes. If any of your table's content is too wide for the available display area, then the table stretches to accomodate the oversized content. The rest of the content then adjusts to fit the oversized table rather than fitting the available display area. This can force your readers to scroll horizontally to read your content, or can cause printed versions to be cropped. For readers whose displays are narrower than the author anticipated, fixed-width tables cause the same problems as other oversized tables. For readers whose displays are wider than the author anticipated, fixed-width tables cause extremely wide margins, wasting much of the display area. For readers who need larger fonts, fixed-width tables can cause the content to be displayed in short choppy lines of only a few words each. Many browsers are especially sensitive to invalid syntax when tables are involved. Correct syntax is especially critical. Even with correct syntax, nested tables may not display correctly in older versions of Netscape Navigator. Some browsers ignore tables, or can be configured to ignore tables. These browsers will ignore any layout you've created with tables. Also, search engines ignore tables. Some search engines use the text at the beginning of a document to summarize it when it appears in search results, and some index only the first n bytes of a document. When tables are used for layout, the beginning of a document often contains many navigation links that appear before than actual content. Many versions of Navigator have problems linking to named anchors when they are inside a table that uses the ALIGN attribute. These browsers seem to associate the named anchor with the top of the table, rather than with the content of the anchor. You can avoid this problem by not using the ALIGN attribute on your tables. If you use tables for layout, you can still minimize the related problems with careful markup. Avoid placing wide images, PRE elements with long lines, long URLs, or other wide content inside tables. Rather than a single full-page layout table, use several independent tables. For example, you could use a table to lay out a navigation bar at the top/bottom of the page, and leave the main content completely outside any layout tables
How do I eliminate the blue border around linked images? 
In your HTML, you can specify the BORDER attribute for the image: <a href=...><img src=... alt=... border="0"></a> However, note that removing the border that indicates an image is a link makes it harder for users to distinguish quickly and easily which images on a web page are clickable.
How can I specify colors?
If you want others to view your web page with specific colors, the most appropriate way is to suggest the colors with a style sheet. Cascading Style Sheets use the color and background-color properties to specify text and background colors. To avoid conflicts between the reader's default colors and those suggested by the author, these two properties should always be used together. With HTML, you can suggest colors with the TEXT, LINK, VLINK (visited link), ALINK (active link), and BGCOLOR (background color) attributes of the BODY element. Note that these attributes are deprecated by HTML 4. Also, if one of these attributes is used, then all of them should be used to ensure that the reader's default colors do not interfere with those suggested by the author. Here is an example: <body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000" link="#0000ff" vlink="#800080" alink="#000080"> Authors should not rely on the specified colors since browsers allow their users to override document-specified colors.
How do I change the title of a framed document? 
The title displayed is the title of the frameset document rather than the titles of any of the pages within frames. To change the title displayed, link to a new frameset document using TARGET="_top" (replacing the entire frameset).
How do I link an image to something? 
Just use the image as the link content, like this: <a href=...><img src=... alt=...></a>
Should I end my URLs with a slash?
The URL structure defines a hierarchy similar to a filesystem's hierarchy of subdirectories or folders. The segments of a URL are separated by slash characters ("/"). When navigating the URL hierarchy, the final segment of the URL (i.e., everything after the final slash) is similar to a file in a filesystem. The other segments of the URL are similar to the subdirectories and folders in a filesystem. When resolving relative URLs (see the answer to the previous question), the browser's first step is to strip everything after the last slash in the URL of the current document. If the current document's URL ends with a slash, then the final segment (the "file") of the URL is null. If you remove the final slash, then the final segment of the URL is no longer null; it is whatever follows the final remaining slash in the URL. Removing the slash changes the URL; the modified URL refers to a different document and relative URLs will resolve differently. For example, the final segment of the URL http://www.mysite.com/faq/html/ is empty; there is nothing after the final slash. In this document, the relative URL all.html resolves to http://www.mysite.com/faq/html/all.html (an existing document). If the final slash is omitted, then the final segment of the modified URL http://www.mysite.com/faq/html is "html". In this (nonexistent) document, the relative URL all.html would resolve to http://www.mysite.com/faq/all.html (another nonexistent document). When they receive a request that is missing its final slash, web servers cannot ignore the missing slash and just send the document anyway. Doing so would break any relative URLs in the document. Normally, servers are configured to send a redirection message when they receive such a request. In response to the redirection message, the browser requests the correct URL, and then the server sends the requested document. (By the way, the browser does not and cannot correct the URL on its own; only the server can determine whether the URL is missing its final slash.) This error-correction process means that URLs without their final slash will still work. However, this process wastes time and network resources. If you include the final slash when it is appropriate, then browsers won't need to send a second request to the server. The exception is when you refer to a URL with just a hostname (e.g., http://www.mysite.com). In this case, the browser will assume that you want the main index ("/") from the server, and you do not have to include the final slash. However, many regard it as good style to include it anyway.
How do I create a link that opens a new window? 
<a target="_blank" href=...> opens a new, unnamed window. <a target="example" href=...> opens a new window named "example", provided that a window or frame by that name does not already exist. Note that the TARGET attribute is not part of HTML 4 Strict. In HTML 4 Strict, new windows can be created only with JavaScript. links that open new windows can be annoying to your readers if there is not a good reason for them.
How do I let people download a file from my page? 
Once the file is uploaded to the server, you need only use an anchor reference tag to link to it. An example would be: <a href="../files/foo.zip">Download Foo Now! (100kb ZIP)</a>


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Java Script


What is the result of '1' + 2 + 3?
123
What is the result of 1 + '2' + 3?
123
What is the result of 1 + 2 + '3'?
33
Where are cookies actually stored on the hard disk?
This depends on the user's browser and OS. In the case of Netscape with Windows OS,all the cookies are stored in a single file called cookies.txt c:\Program Files\Netscape\Users\username\cookies.txt In the case of IE,each cookie is stored in a separate file namely username@website.txt. c:\Windows\Cookies\username@Website.txt 33
How to set a HTML document's background color using Javascript?
By using the document.bgcolor property.
What is the use of isNaN function?
NaN stands for Not A Number. This function returns true if the argument is not a number.
What is the data type of variables of in JavaScript?
All variables are of object type in JavaScript.
How to set the focus in an element using Javascript?
What is the difference between RegisterClientScriptBlock and RegisterStartupScript?
RegisterClientScriptBlock emits the JavaScript just after the opening tag. RegisterStartupScript emits the JavaScript at the bottom of the ASP.NET page just before the closing tag
How do you submit a form using JavaScript?
Use document.forms[0].submit() (0 refers to the index of the form – if we have more than one form in a page, then the first one has the index 0, second has index 1 and so on).
How to read and write a file using JavaScript?
I/O operations like reading or writing a file is not possible with client-side JavaScript.
What are JavaScript Data Types?
JavaScript Data Types are Number, String, Boolean, Function, Object, Null, Undefined
How to create arrays in JavaScript?
We can declare an array like this
var scripts = new Array()
We can add elements to this array like this
scripts[0] = "First"
scripts[1] = "Second"
scripts[2] = "third"
scripts[3] = "Fourth"

Now our array scripts have 4 elements inside it and we can print or access them by using their index number. Note that index number starts from 0. To get the third element of the array we have to use the index number 2. Here is the way to get the third element of an array.
document.write(scripts[2])
We also can create an array like this
var no_array = new Array(21, 22, 23, 24, 25)
Difference between JavaScript and Java? 
JavaScript was developed by Brendan Eich of Netscape. Java was developed at Sun Microsystems. While the two languages share some common syntax, they were developed independently of each other and for different audiences. Java is a full-fledged programming language tailored for network computing it includes hundreds of its own objects, including objects for creating user interfaces that appear in Java applets (in Web browsers) or standalone Java applications. In contrast, JavaScript relies on whatever environment it's operating in for the user interface, such as a Web document's form elements. JavaScript was initially called LiveScript at Netscape while it was under development. A licensing deal between Netscape and Sun at the last minute let Netscape plug the "Java" name into the name of its scripting language. Programmers use entirely different tools for Java and JavaScript. It is also not uncommon for a programmer of one language to be ignorant of the other. The two languages don't rely on each other and are intended for different purposes. In some ways, the "Java" name on JavaScript has confused the world's understanding of the differences between the two. On the other hand, JavaScript is much easier to learn than Java and can offer a gentle introduction for newcomers who want to graduate to Java and the kinds of applications you can develop with it
What is the difference between the Methods GET and POST in HTML forms?
GET: Parameters are passed in the query string. Maximum amount of data that can be sent via the GET method is limited to about 2kb. POST: Parameters are passed in the request body. There is no limit to the amount of data that can be transferred using POST. However, there are limits on the maximum amount of data that can be transferred in one name/value pair.
How to write a script for "Select" lists using JavaScript? 
1. To remove an item from a list set it to null mySelectObject.options[3] = null.
2. To truncate a list set its length to the maximum size you desire mySelectObject.length = ?.
3. To delete all options in a select object set the length to 0. mySelectObject.leng=0.
Is a JavaScript script faster than an ASP script? 
Yes. Since JavaScript is a client-side script it does require the web server's help for its computation, so it is always faster than any server-side script like ASP, PHP, etc..
What Boolean operators does JavaScript support? 
Boolean operators in JavaScript are as under &&, || and !
What are the ways to emit client-side JavaScript from server-side code in ASP. NET?
The Page object in ASP. NET has two methods that allow emitting of client-side JavaScript: RegisterClientScriptBlock and RegisterStartupScript. Example usage:
Page.RegisterClientScriptBlock("ScriptKey", "<script language="javascript;">" + "function TestFn() { alert('Clients-side JavaScript'); }</script>"); Page.RegisterStartupScript("ScriptKey", "<script language="javascript">" + "function TestFn() { alert('Clients-side JavaScript'); }</script>");.
ScriptKey is used to suppress the same JavaScript from being emitted more than once. Multiple calls to RegisterClientScriptBlock or RegisterStartupScript with the same value of ScriptKey emit the script only once, on the first call.
What is the difference between RegisterClientScriptBlock and RegisterStartupScript?
RegisterClientScriptBlock emits the JavaScript just after the opening tag. RegisterStartupScript emits the JavaScript at the bottom of the ASP. NET page just before the closing tag.
How to get the contents of an input (text) box using JavaScript?
Use the "value" property. var myValue = window.document.getElementById("MyTextBox").value;
How to determine the state of a checkbox using JavaScript?
Determining the state of a checkbox in JavaScript var checkedP = window.document.getElementById("myCheckBox").checked;
What is the difference between an alert box and a confirmation box? 
An alert box displays only one button which is the OK button whereas the Confirm box displays two buttons namely OK and cancel.
What is a prompt box? 
A prompt box allows the user to enter input by providing a text box.
What looping structures are there in JavaScript? 
JavaScript supports the for loop, while loop, do-while loop, but there is no foreach loop in JavaScript.
To put a "close window" link on a page? 
<a href='javascript:window.close()' class='anyCSSClass'> Close </a>
How to hide JavaScript code from old browsers that don't run it?
Use the below specified style of comments <script language=javascript> <!-- javascript code goes here // --> or Use the <NOSCRIPT>some html code </NOSCRIPT> tags and code the display html statements between these and this will appear on the page if the browser does not support JavaScript
What does JavaScript null mean? 
The null value is a unique value representing no value or no object. It implies no object, or null string, no valid Boolean value, no number and no array object.
How do you assign object properties?
obj["age"] = 17; //or obj.age = 17;
What is this keyword? 
In JavaScript this keywork refers to the current object.
To set all checkboxes to true using JavaScript?
//select all input tags function SelectAll() { var checkboxes = document.getElementsByTagName("input"); for(i=0;i<checkboxes.length;i++) { if(checkboxes.item(i).attributes["type"].value == "checkbox") { checkboxes.item(i).checked = true; } } }
What is the difference between undefined value and null value?
(i) Undefined value cannot be explicitly stated that is there is no keyword called undefined whereas null value has keyword called null (ii) typeof undefined variable or property returns undefined whereas typeof null value returns object
How to find the selected radio button immediately using the 'this' variable? 
<script>
function favAnimal(button) {
alert('You like '+button.value+'s.');
}
</script>
<input type="radio" name="marsupial" value="kangaroo"
onchange="favAnimal(this)">Kangaroo
<br /><input type="radio" name="marsupial" value="Opossum"
onchange="favAnimal(this)">Opossum
<br /><input type="radio" name="marsupial" value="Tasmanian Tiger"
onchange="favAnimal(this)">Hello there
How to find radio button selection when a form is submitted?
<script type="text/javascript">
function findButton() {
var myForm = document.forms.animalForm;
var i;
for(i=0;i<myForm.marsupial.length; i++) {
if(myForm.marsupial[i].checked) {
break;
}
}
alert("You selected ""+myForm.marsupial[i].value+"".");
}
</script>
<form name="animalForm" action="">
<input type="radio" name="marsupial" value="kangaroo" />Kangaroo
<br /><input type="radio" name="marsupial" value="Opossum" />Opossum
<br /><input type="radio" name="marsupial" value="Tasmanian Tiger" />Hello there

<input type="button" name="GO" value="GO" onclick="findButton()" />
How to disable an HTML control or object? 
document.getElementById("myObject").disabled = true;
To write messages to the screen without using "document.write()"? 
function showStatus(message) {
var element = document.getElementById("mystatus");
element.textContent = message; //for Firefox
element.innerHTML = message; //for IE (why can't we all just get along?)
return true;
}
How to Add new element or control dynamically?
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
<title>Title of page</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
function addNode() {
var newP = document.createElement("p");
var textNode = document.createTextNode(" I'm a new text node");
newP.appendChild(textNode);
document.getElementById("firstP").appendChild(newP);
}
</script>
</head>
<body onload="addNode();" style=" background: url('../images/Sand-1280.jpg'); background-color: yellow;">
<p id="firstP">firstP<p>
</body>
</html>


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